Site Preparation

Grazing is an effective strategy for targeting nontoxic weeds that can be extremely cost effective, particularly if low-cost fencing is available.

Native seed sown into areas dominated by invasive plants generally perform very poorly and in many cases fail to establish entirely. Invasive species management is critical for restoration success.

Disturbed areas are often characterized by soils that are nutrient depleted and missing critical microbial communities. Planting or seeding in areas that are low in important soil components can limit restoration success.

Although tilling and disking soil can facilitate unintended consequences at a restoration site, there are many cases where these approaches can be helpful for restoration success.